Renal and ureteral surgery in dogs

Renal and ureteral surgeries are performed commonly in veterinary medicine. Potential surgeries include nephrectomy, nephrotomy, pyelolithotomy, neoureterostomy, and ureteral anastomosis. The most common reason for surgery is the removal of urinary calculi. Before performing surgery, consideration of the patient's renal function is important to obtain optimal results. Maintaining normal urine production in the perioperative and postoperative period is important in most cases. The surgical procedures listed previously are reviewed individually, including postoperative care.