VCAM-1-induced inwardly rectifying K(+) current enhances Ca(2+) entry in human THP-1 monocytes

Hyperpolarization in human leukemia THP-1 monocytes adherent to vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 is due to an induction of inwardly rectifying K(+) currents (I(ir)) (Colden-Stanfield M and Gallin EK, Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 275: C267-C277, 1998). We determined whether the VCAM-1-induced hyperpolarization is sufficient to augment the increase in intracellular free calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) produced by Ca(2+) store depletion with thapsigargin (TG) and readdition of external CaCl(2) in fura 2-loaded THP-1 monocytes. Whereas there was a 2.1-fold increase in [Ca(2+)](i) in monocytes bound to glass for 5 h in response to TG and CaCl(2) addition, adherence to VCAM-1 produced a 5-fold increase in [Ca(2+)](i). Depolarization of monocytes adherent to VCAM-1 by I(ir) blockade or exposure to high [K(+)] abolished the enhancement of the peak [Ca(2+)](i) response. In monocytes bound to glass, hyperpolarization of the membrane potential with valinomycin, a K(+) ionophore, to the level of hyperpolarization seen in cells adherent to VCAM-1 produced similar changes in peak [Ca(2+)](i). Adherence of monocytes to E-selectin produced a similar peak [Ca(2+)](i) to cells bound to glass. Thus monocyte adherence to the physiological substrate VCAM-1 produces a hyperpolarization that is sufficient to enhance Ca(2+) entry and may impact Ca(2+)-dependent monocyte function.