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Serial learning by rhesus monkeys: II. Learning four-item lists by trial and error.

K B Swartz1, S Chen, H S Terrace

  • 1Department of Psychology, Lehman College, City College of the City University of New York, Bronx 10468, USA. kbslc@cunyvm.cuny.edu

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes
|July 29, 2000
PubMed
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Monkeys learned novel 4-item sequences by trial and error when all items were presented at once. This demonstrates their capacity for developing serial expertise through error correction and response recall.

Area of Science:

  • Animal Cognition
  • Behavioral Neuroscience
  • Primate Learning

Background:

  • Previous studies trained monkeys on lists by adding items sequentially.
  • This created a need to investigate learning with all list items presented simultaneously.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To train rhesus macaques to learn novel 4-item serial lists where all items were visible from the start.
  • To understand the learning mechanisms, specifically trial-and-error strategies, involved in this task.

Main Methods:

  • Three rhesus macaques were trained on novel 4-item lists (A-->B-->C-->D) with all items displayed initially.
  • Subjects learned through trial and error, with errors terminating the trial and correct responses to intermediate items allowing continuation.
  • A correct response to the final item (D) resulted in food reward.

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Main Results:

  • Despite a low chance probability (.04) of success, each monkey successfully mastered four novel 4-item lists.
  • Learning involved recalling the consequences of correct and incorrect responses to each item in the sequence.

Conclusions:

  • Rhesus macaques can learn novel serial lists presented all at once using a trial-and-error strategy.
  • This study provides a foundation for investigating the development of serial expertise in non-human primates.