Social influences on Pap smear screening frequency

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Gynecologic Oncology
• Health Disparities

Background:

• Native American women exhibit 2-5 times higher cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates compared to White women.
• Social and cultural factors significantly contribute to these disparities in cancer outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate differences in attitudes and social interactions regarding Pap tests between Native American women who have undergone screening and those who have not.
• To identify potential avenues for improving Pap screening rates within this population.

Main Methods:

• A study involving thirty American Indian women aged 40 and older, divided into two groups based on recent Pap test history.
• Data collection utilized chart audits and the Given's Health Belief Questionnaire.
• Analysis focused on differences in attitudes towards Pap tests and interactions with social networks concerning screening.

Main Results:

• No significant differences were observed between the groups regarding the individuals with whom they discussed Pap tests or whose opinions they valued.
• Healthcare professionals were consistently respected the most, followed by family/friends, and then co-workers/others.
• Attitudes towards Pap tests did not differ between the screened and unscreened groups.

Conclusions:

• Social interactions and respected opinions regarding Pap tests do not appear to be differentiating factors between women who are screened and those who are not.
• Advanced practice nurses are well-positioned to enhance Pap screening rates by emphasizing their role as trusted sources of information and encouragement.
• Targeted interventions focusing on the unique social and cultural contexts of Native American women are crucial for reducing cervical cancer disparities.