Surgical treatment of common entrapment neuropathies in the upper limbs

Entrapment neuropathies of the upper extremity are common, debilitating conditions. Most patients with these neuropathies are readily diagnosed on purely clinical grounds and may be effectively managed with nonoperative measures. However, the broad differential diagnosis often necessitates electrodiagnostic testing and radiographic imaging to clarify the situation. This review focuses on three of the most common entrapment neuropathies in the upper limbs: carpal tunnel syndrome (median nerve entrapment at the wrist), cubital tunnel syndrome (ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow), and radial tunnel syndrome (posterior interosseous nerve entrapment). Anatomical considerations, patient evaluation, indications for surgical intervention, options for surgical approaches, outcomes, and complications are discussed.