Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 7, 2026

A Protocol for Comprehensive Assessment of Bulbar Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Published on: February 21, 2011
The evolution of the assessment and treatment of paralytic dysphonia
1Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Abstract:
Vocal fold paralysis has been an omnipresent disorder throughout the annals of laryngologic history since the origin of the specialty in 1858. The attendant complexity of laryngoscopic presentation, physiologic dysfunction, and surgical rehabilitation have led to a rich heritage of scientific investigations that can be traced through the past 140 years. The following historical summary provides the reader with a working knowledge of past experiences that connect to current initiatives and portend future progress.
Related Concept Videos
Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles
Introduction
The initial evaluation of a patient's respiratory system...
Larynx
Anatomy of the Larynx
The larynx consists of various components, including cartilage, muscles, and vocal cords. Its structure includes three large unpaired cartilages—the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis—and three smaller paired cartilages—the arytenoids, corniculates, and...
Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract IV: Auscultation
Breath Sounds
Breath sounds are categorized into vesicular, bronchovesicular, and bronchial.
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management
Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

