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Related Experiment Videos

Fatality trends in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations, 1948-1998.

B Seet1, G M Burnham

  • 1Center for Refugee and Disaster Studies, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

JAMA
|August 5, 2000
PubMed
Summary

The number of United Nations (UN) peacekeeping deaths increased post-Cold War due to larger missions, not higher individual risk. Peacekeepers in humanitarian missions face increased risks from hostile acts.

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Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • International Relations
  • Peace and Conflict Studies

Background:

  • Post-Cold War increase in United Nations (UN) peacekeeping deaths caused hesitancy in troop-contributing countries.
  • Despite increased mission scale, data did not confirm higher risks for peacekeepers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the association between UN peacekeeping operation characteristics and mortality rates.
  • To compare risks during the Cold War versus the post-Cold War era.

Main Methods:

  • Descriptive analysis of 1559 personnel deaths across 49 UN peacekeeping missions (1948-1998).
  • Examined deaths by circumstance, crude death rates, and relative risk.
  • Regression analysis assessed mission strength, duration, and humanitarian mandate impact on deaths.

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Main Results:

  • More deaths occurred in the decade after 1990 than in the prior 40 years, but crude death rates remained similar.
  • Hostile acts increased post-Cold War (RR 1.51), while unintentional violence decreased (RR 0.79) but remained high in certain regions.
  • Mission strength and duration significantly correlated with the total number of deaths.

Conclusions:

  • Increased UN peacekeeping deaths post-1990 are due to more numerous and larger missions, not elevated individual risk.
  • Peacekeepers in post-Cold War missions face higher risks from hostile acts, especially in those requiring more force.
  • Humanitarian assistance missions are associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality and deaths from hostile acts.