Emerging relations between infectious diseases and coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Infectious Diseases
• Microbiology

Background:

• Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality globally.
• A significant number of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients lack traditional risk factors.
• Infectious agents are increasingly investigated for their potential role in CVD development and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current evidence linking infectious diseases to coronary artery disease (CAD).
• To discuss the established association with Chlamydia pneumoniae and controversial links with other pathogens.
• To explore the implications for future therapeutic strategies in managing cardiovascular disease and stroke.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies investigating the association between infections and CAD.
• Analysis of data on specific pathogens such as Chlamydia pneumoniae, cytomegalovirus, and Helicobacter pylori.
• Evaluation of evidence regarding infectious agents in restenosis and post-transplant CAD.

Main Results:

• A strong association exists between Chlamydia pneumoniae and CAD, though causality is unproven.
• Cytomegalovirus shows a more significant link to restenosis and post-transplant CAD.
• Evidence for other infections like Helicobacter pylori and periodontitis remains controversial.

Conclusions:

• Infections may play a role in the multifactorial nature of cardiovascular disease.
• Proving causality is crucial before widespread implementation of antibiotic therapy for CAD.
• Ongoing clinical trials are essential to determine the efficacy of antimicrobial treatments for cardiovascular conditions.