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Updated: Aug 16, 2026

Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload
Published on: March 14, 2017
Purpose/Objectives:
To review the current knowledge of anemia associated with cancer management and nursing interventions.
Data Sources:
Published theory, research, and clinical practice sources.
Data Synthesis:
Anemia often is overlooked as a priority associated with quality patient care. The diagnosis of cancer and associated treatments magnify the incidence of anemia among the cancer population. Untreated anemia negatively affects the success of radiation therapy, activities of daily living, quality of life, and morbidity and mortality.
Conclusions:
Identifying the underlying cause(s) of anemia in patients with cancer is critical to positive care outcomes and requires early nursing assessment and interventions.
Implications For Nursing Practice:
Nurses play a critical role in maintaining and improving well-being and quality of life of patients at risk for anemia by understanding erythropoiesis, pathophysiology, nursing assessment (including laboratory data assessment), and nursing interventions related to anemia.
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Erythropoiesis
Erythropoiesis
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Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
A low oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to the loss, lower production, or destruction of erythrocytes is termed anemia. Hemorrhagic anemia, for example, occurs when bleeding from an external wound or internal ulcer reduces erythrocyte counts.
On the other...
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Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.
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Several factors influence the erythrocyte production rate, with tissue oxygen level being among the most critical. Intense exercise or high altitudes can cause tissue hypoxia, which triggers the kidneys to release more erythropoietin (EPO) into the bloodstream.
EPO then...
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

