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Lipid-rich diffuse malignant mesothelioma: a case report.

H T Chang1, R K Yantiss, G P Nielsen

  • 1Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA.

Human Pathology
|August 3, 2000
PubMed
Summary

This study highlights a rare case of diffuse malignant mesothelioma presenting with lipid vacuoles. Fat stains can aid in diagnosing pleural tumors with vacuolated cells, as lipid vacuoles do not rule out mesothelioma.

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Area of Science:

  • Pathology
  • Oncology
  • Thoracic Surgery

Background:

  • Malignant mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive cancer arising from the mesothelial lining of the pleura, peritoneum, or pericardium.
  • Diagnosis can be challenging, particularly in cases with unusual cytologic or histologic features.
  • Pleural effusions are a common presentation, often necessitating cytologic or histologic examination for diagnosis.

Observation:

  • An 80-year-old male presented with shortness of breath and a large right pleural effusion.
  • Thoracoscopy revealed multiple white-yellow nodules on the pleural surfaces.
  • Cytology and biopsy demonstrated atypical papillary clusters of epithelioid cells with abundant clear vacuoles in the cytoplasm.

Findings:

  • Special stains and electron microscopy confirmed the presence of numerous intracytoplasmic lipid vacuoles.

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  • The tumor was diagnosed as diffuse malignant mesothelioma.
  • The presence of lipid vacuoles in a pleural-based tumor did not exclude diffuse malignant mesothelioma.
  • Implications:

    • Fat stain may be a valuable diagnostic tool during frozen section analysis of pleural-based tumors with vacuolated cells.
    • This case underscores the importance of considering diffuse malignant mesothelioma in the differential diagnosis of pleural effusions with atypical epithelioid cells, even in the presence of intracytoplasmic vacuoles.
    • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate patient management and treatment planning for malignant mesothelioma.