Simple downshift and resulting lack of correlation between ppGpp pool size and ribonucleic acid accumulation

The growth rate of Escherichia coli can be limited by the availability of carbon and energy. To impose such a limitation, alpha-methylglucoside (alpha MG), a non-metabolizable analogue, can be used to decrease uptake of glucose by competition for the transport of this sugar. Varying the ratio of glucose to alphaMG allowed shifts in growth rate without simultaneous qualitative changes in the growth medium and permitted examination of the immediate changes accompanying such shifts. Stringent (rel+) as well as relaxed (rel minus) strains were able to rapidly curtail their accumulation of ribonculeic acid (RNA) after a downshift imposed by decreasing glucose transport into the cell. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppGpp) accumulated in both rel+ and rel minus strains after a degrease in growth rate. However, the accumulation of ppGpp in relaxed derivatives was very slow, and there was no direct or obligatory correlation between the level of ppGpp and the rate of RNA accumulation. This latter conclusion is supported by measurements of ppGpp levels and rates of RNA accumulation after restoration of maximal growth rates by addition of excess glucose.