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Quantitative zone-axis convergent-beam electron diffraction (CBED) studies of metals. I. Structure-factor
1Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943, USA. martin.saunders@angstrom.uu.se
The ZAPMATCH technique accurately measured structure factors in nickel, aligning with critical-voltage data and theory. Copper results, however, suggest limitations in current solid-state theories, prompting technique refinements.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Solid-State Physics
- Crystallography
Background:
- Discrepancies exist in previous low-order structure-factor measurements for nickel and copper.
- Existing solid-state theories and experimental techniques show considerable disagreement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To apply and validate the ZAPMATCH technique for precise structure-factor measurements.
- To investigate discrepancies between experimental results and theoretical predictions for nickel and copper.
- To develop extensions for the ZAPMATCH technique, including refined thermal diffuse scattering (TDS) corrections.
Main Methods:
- Zone-axis CBED pattern-matching technique (ZAPMATCH) applied to nickel and copper.
- Refinement of structure factors and imaginary potential (TDS effects).
- Development of rules for accurate structure factor refinement from CBED patterns.
Main Results:
- ZAPMATCH results for nickel confirm critical-voltage measurements and agree well with FLAPW theory.
- Copper results support previous experimental findings but exceed theoretical predictions.
- Refined TDS values differ from the Einstein model, indicating its limitations.
- Second-order real TDS correction effects were investigated.
Conclusions:
- ZAPMATCH is a highly accurate technique for structure-factor determination, as validated by nickel data.
- Discrepancies in copper data may highlight limitations in current solid-state theories.
- Extensions to ZAPMATCH improve its applicability and accuracy, particularly regarding TDS corrections.
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