Crystallographic disorder in mixed-valent dioxo-bridged MnIII,IV complexes
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 15, 2026

Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals
Published on: April 14, 2020
1School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
Abstract:
The structure of tetrakis(2,2'-bipyridine)di-µ-oxo-dimanganese(3+) hexanitratocerate(3-) pentahydrate, [Mn(2)O(2)(bpy)(4)][Ce(NO(3))(6)].5H(2)O, is described; M(r) = 1368.88, monoclinic, C2/c, a = 12.940 (3), b = 18.060 (2), c = 22.54 (1) Å, beta = 96.29 (2) degrees, V = 5237 (3) Å(3), T = 132 K, Z = 4, F(000) = 2752, D(x) = 1.736 Mg m(-3), lambda(Mo Kalpha) = 0.71073 Å, µ = 1.429 mm(-1), R(F(2)) = 0.0358, wR(F(2)) = 0.0783 for 4877 reflections with I > 2sigma(I). The cation does not have crystallographically distinguishable Mn atoms. An analysis of the atomic displacement ellipsoids and Mn-N bond distortions has been used to develop a model for the disorder in this type of mixed-valent complex. The anion, Ce(NO(3))(6)(3-), has a distorted icosahedral geometry.
Related Concept Videos
Valence Bond Theory
Valence Bond Theory
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Ionic Crystal Structures
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Colors and Magnetism
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.

