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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants01:23

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants


Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating sympathetic or...
CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine01:27

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
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Antiasthma Drugs: Methylxanthines01:24

Antiasthma Drugs: Methylxanthines

Theophylline, a member of the methylxanthine class of bronchodilators, has long been used in asthma management. While its exact mechanism of action is not fully understood, it is believed to have multiple effects on various cellular processes.
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Stimulants01:29

Stimulants

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Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV

Stress often leads to unhealthy habits like smoking, excessive drinking, and overeating, which offer short-term relief but ultimately increase long-term health risks. These behaviors create a cycle that temporarily lowers stress levels but can result in severe long-term health consequences. Breaking these habits is essential to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and improve overall well-being. Three primary changes that support better health include quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Methods to Evaluate Cytotoxicity and Immunosuppression of Combustible Tobacco Product Preparations
09:25

Methods to Evaluate Cytotoxicity and Immunosuppression of Combustible Tobacco Product Preparations

Published on: January 10, 2015

Health risks associated with cigar smoking.

F Baker1, S R Ainsworth, J T Dye

  • 1Behavioral Research Center, American Cancer Society, 1599 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-4251, USA. fbaker@cancer.org

JAMA
|August 6, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Cigar smoking rates are increasing, and switching from cigarettes to cigars does not reduce nicotine addiction risk. Cigar smoke contains higher toxins, increasing cancer and death risks similarly to cigarettes.

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Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

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Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System
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Published on: October 22, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Tobacco Control
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Rising rates of cigar smoking among adults and adolescents.
  • Concerns regarding the health risks associated with cigar consumption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the principal findings on the health risks of cigar smoking.
  • To reach a consensus on the scientific understanding of cigar smoking's impact.

Main Methods:

  • Convened a conference by the American Cancer Society in June 1998.
  • Presented state-of-the-science reports and facilitated discussions among 120 experts.
  • Achieved consensus on key conclusions regarding cigar smoking risks.

Main Results:

  • Cigar smoking rates are increasing in all age groups.
  • Cigar use does not mitigate nicotine addiction risk compared to cigarettes.
  • Increased cigar consumption and inhalation elevate mortality risks to levels comparable with cigarette smoking.
  • Cigar smoke is a significant source of indoor air pollution, containing elevated levels of toxins and carcinogens.
  • Cigar smoking is causally linked to lung and upper aerodigestive tract cancers.

Conclusions:

  • Cigar smoking poses significant health risks, including addiction and cancer.
  • The risks associated with cigar smoking are comparable to, and in some aspects exceed, those of cigarette smoking.
  • Public health strategies must address the rising trend of cigar use due to its established health hazards.