Too many treatments for Parkinson's disease: how should they be used?

N C Reynolds1, L C Terry, L P Mark

  • 1Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.

Insights

Parkinson's disease treatments are evolving, with surgical ablation making a comeback alongside medications like L-DOPA. This review explores historical and modern medical and surgical options for Parkinson's disease management.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment historically shifted from surgical ablation to pharmacotherapy with Levodopa (L-DOPA) and dopamine agonists.
  • Advancements in drug development include novel agonists and enzyme inhibitors targeting specific receptor subtypes and effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a historical perspective on Parkinson's disease therapeutic options.
  • To propose a rationale for selecting current medical and surgical treatment strategies for Parkinson's disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical and current literature on Parkinson's disease treatments.
  • Analysis of pharmacologic paradigms and stereotactic neurosurgical alternatives.
  • Synthesis of treatment goals considering both medical and surgical interventions.

Main Results:

  • Surgical ablation for Parkinson's disease was largely replaced by pharmacologic treatments.
  • Recent developments in drug therapies offer extended therapeutic windows.
  • There is a resurgence of interest in stereotactic neurosurgery as a viable treatment option.

Conclusions:

  • The management of Parkinson's disease is returning to a consideration of both surgical and medical interventions.
  • A comprehensive approach integrating historical insights and modern advancements is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes in Parkinson's disease.

Related Concept Videos

Antipsychotic Drugs: Therapeutic Uses and Side Effects01:21

Antipsychotic Drugs: Therapeutic Uses and Side Effects

Antipsychotic drugs primarily block dopamine and serotonin receptors and cholinergic, adrenergic, and histaminergic receptors, thereby reducing hallucinations and delusions in conditions like schizophrenia. However, they can trigger unwanted extrapyramidal effects such as dystonias, Parkinson-like symptoms, and tardive dyskinesia.
Despite these side effects, antipsychotics are used therapeutically for various purposes, including managing schizophrenia, preventing nausea and vomiting, curbing...
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...
Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...