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Bacterial vaginosis a "broad overview".

A González Pedraza Avilés1, M C Ortíz Zaragoza, A Irigoyen Coria

  • 1C. S. C. Dr. José Castro Villagrana, Departamento de Medicina Familiar, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Instituto de Servicios de Salud del Distrito Federal, México D. F.

Revista Latinoamericana De Microbiologia
|August 10, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Bacterial vaginosis (BV), a common vaginal infection, involves a shift from beneficial Lactobacillus to harmful bacteria like Gardnerella vaginalis. BV increases risks for preterm delivery and other serious infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of infectious vaginitis.
  • It is characterized by the replacement of normal vaginal Lactobacillus flora with a polymicrobial community, including Gardnerella vaginalis and various anaerobes.
  • BV is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and upper genital tract infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of bacterial vaginosis (BV).
  • To discuss the complex microbiology of BV, including causative organisms and their metabolic activities.
  • To highlight the clinical manifestations, diagnostic features (clue cells), and associated health risks, particularly in pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical reports and clinical observations of BV.

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  • Analysis of the microbiological shifts in the vaginal environment during BV.
  • Examination of epidemiological data linking BV to adverse health outcomes.

    • Main Results:

    • BV involves a shift from Lactobacillus dominance to a polymicrobial state with organisms like G. vaginalis, Prevotella, Peptostreptococcus, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Mobiluncus.
    • Bacterial metabolites, such as amines, contribute to characteristic symptoms like malodorous discharge and elevated vaginal pH.
    • "Clue cells" are a diagnostic hallmark resulting from bacterial adherence to epithelial cells.
    • BV is a significant risk factor for preterm delivery and other serious infections.

    Conclusions:

    • Bacterial vaginosis is a complex polymicrobial infection with significant health implications, especially for pregnant women.
    • Understanding the microbiology and pathogenesis of BV is crucial for effective management.
    • Current therapeutic options include clindamycin and metronidazole.