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Central nervous system stimulants.

A J George1

  • 1School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, UK.

Bailliere'S Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
|August 10, 2000
PubMed
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Athletes abuse amphetamine, cocaine, and caffeine for performance enhancement, affecting anaerobic and endurance activities. These central nervous system (CNS) stimulants carry risks of addiction, behavioral changes, and serious health consequences.

Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Neuropharmacology
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Central nervous system (CNS) stimulants like amphetamine, cocaine, and caffeine are frequently abused in sports.
  • Each stimulant possesses distinct mechanisms of action on neuronal pathways and receptors.
  • Distinguishing between social and sport-related abuse of these substances can be challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of action and effects of commonly abused CNS stimulants in sports.
  • To identify specific sports associated with the abuse of amphetamine, cocaine, and caffeine.
  • To outline the adverse health consequences and addictive potential of these performance-enhancing drugs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on stimulant abuse in sports.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of pharmacological effects on CNS and exercise metabolism.
  • Identification of sports and associated performance benefits/risks.

    • Main Results:

    • Amphetamine prolongs tolerance to anaerobic metabolism, benefiting sports like cycling and American football, but carries risks of addiction and psychosis.
    • Cocaine enhances short-term anaerobic exercise and tolerance to intense exertion, with high addiction potential and risks of fatal cardiovascular events.
    • Caffeine aids long-distance endurance by enhancing fatty acid metabolism and glucose conservation, but chronic abuse can lead to cardiac damage.

    Conclusions:

    • Abuse of amphetamine, cocaine, and caffeine in sports presents significant health risks, including addiction and severe physiological consequences.
    • The specific benefits and detrimental effects vary based on the stimulant and the type of athletic activity.
    • Understanding these risks is crucial for athlete health and anti-doping efforts.