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Epidural analgesia and anesthesia.

K E Torske1, D H Dyson

  • 1Department of Clinical Studies (Anesthesiology), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Canada.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice
|August 10, 2000
PubMed
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Epidural analgesia using opioids like morphine, oxymorphone, or hydromorphone offers significant pain relief before, during, and after surgery in small animals. Benefits generally outweigh the minimal, manageable side effects.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Anesthesiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Effective pain management is crucial in veterinary surgery.
  • Epidural analgesia offers targeted pain relief.
  • Opioid selection and administration require careful consideration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the benefits of epidural drug administration in small animals.
  • To discuss applications for pre-emptive, intraoperative, and postoperative analgesia.
  • To provide guidance on opioid selection for different surgical sites.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on epidural analgesia in veterinary medicine.
  • Analysis of opioid efficacy and safety profiles.
  • Evaluation of drug combinations with local anesthetics.

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Main Results:

  • Epidural opioids provide pre-emptive, intraoperative (with inhalant-sparing effects), and prolonged postoperative analgesia.
  • Specific opioid recommendations (morphine, oxymorphone, hydromorphone) vary based on surgical location (hind limb vs. thorax/forelimb).
  • Combination with local anesthetics enhances efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Epidural analgesia with opioids is a beneficial strategy for pain control in small animals.
  • Careful drug selection and administration optimize outcomes.
  • Adverse effects are infrequent and manageable, supporting the overall safety and efficacy.