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Related Experiment Videos

Long latency response of the mentalis muscle following transcranial magnetic stimulation with a circular coil in

M Ishikawa1, M Takase, O Alberti

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Hospital, Marburg, Germany.

Neurological Research
|August 10, 2000
PubMed
Summary

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation reliably elicits long latency responses (LLRs) in the mentalis muscle, offering a new clinical tool. This trigeminal nerve stimulation method is easier to record than previous techniques.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Short latency response (SLR), middle latency response (MLR), and long latency response (LLR) are elicited in facial muscles via transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).
  • While LLRs are often attributed to trigeminal nerve stimulation, recording trigeminofacial reflexes in the orbicularis oris (snout reflex) is challenging in healthy individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the feasibility of recording LLRs in lower facial muscles (mentalis muscle) using TMS with a circular coil.
  • To investigate the characteristics and clinical potential of TMS-elicited LLRs in the mentalis muscle.

Main Methods:

  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied over the parieto-occipital scalp in 11 healthy subjects using random and 0.3 Hz frequencies.
  • Responses in the mentalis muscle, including SLRs and LLRs, were recorded.

Related Experiment Videos

  • LLRs in the masseter muscle were also assessed.

    • Main Results:

    • LLRs of the mentalis muscle were successfully recorded in all 11 subjects following SLRs.
    • The mean latency, duration, and LLR/SLR ratio were 37.4 msec, 20.3 msec, and 9.1%, respectively.
    • LLR waveforms showed trial-to-trial variability and habituation at 0.3 Hz stimulation; masseter muscle LLRs were not elicited.

    Conclusions:

    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation with a circular coil effectively elicits LLRs in the mentalis muscle, likely via trigeminal nerve activation.
    • The ease and reliability of recording mentalis muscle LLRs suggest potential clinical applications, similar to the blink reflex.