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Phagocytes and oxidative stress.

B M Babior1

  • 1Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.

The American Journal of Medicine
|August 11, 2000
PubMed
Summary
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Phagocytes produce reactive oxidants like superoxide and hydrogen peroxide to kill microbes. However, these oxidants can also damage tissues and contribute to diseases such as emphysema and arthritis.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Neutrophils and phagocytes generate superoxide (O(2)(-)) from oxygen and NADPH.
  • Superoxide dismutates to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)).
  • These reactive oxygen species are precursors to various microbicidal oxidants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the production of reactive oxidants by phagocytes.
  • To describe the formation of specific oxidants like hypochlorous acid (HOCl), hydroxyl radical (OH*), and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)).
  • To highlight the dual role of these oxidants in microbial killing and tissue damage.

Main Methods:

  • Review of biochemical pathways for oxidant generation.
  • Description of enzymatic and chemical reactions involved in oxidant formation.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Literature synthesis on the role of oxidants in disease pathogenesis.

    • Main Results:

    • Phagocyte-derived oxidants include HOCl, OH*, and ONOO(-).
    • HOCl is formed via myeloperoxidase, H(2)O(2), and chloride.
    • OH* is generated by H(2)O(2) reduction, and ONOO(-) by superoxide and nitric oxide.

    Conclusions:

    • Reactive oxidants are essential for host defense against pathogens.
    • These oxidants contribute to tissue injury and are implicated in diseases including emphysema, ARDS, atherosclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
    • Understanding oxidant formation and function is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies for inflammatory and degenerative diseases.