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Controlled low-strength material using fly ash and AMD sludge
1Department of Civil Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7908, Raleigh, NC 27695-7908, USA. gabr@eos.ncsu.edu
Journal of Hazardous Materials
|August 11, 2000
Summary
Controlled low-strength material (CLSM) can be made using acid mine drainage (AMD) sludge and fly ash (FA). This eco-friendly CLSM meets strength and performance requirements for construction applications.
Area of Science:
- Civil Engineering
- Materials Science
- Environmental Engineering
Background:
- Controlled low-strength material (CLSM) is a versatile cementitious composite.
- CLSM offers load-bearing capacity and easy excavation post-hardening.
- Typical CLSM utilizes fly ash (FA), cement, water, and aggregates.
Purpose of the Study:
- Investigate physical and strength properties of CLSM using acid mine drainage (AMD) sludge and Class F FA.
- Develop a CLSM mix maximizing by-product utilization while meeting performance standards.
- Assess the feasibility of using AMD sludge as a primary component in CLSM.
Main Methods:
- Formulation of CLSM mixtures combining AMD sludge and Class F FA.
- Testing of physical properties, including workability, excavatability, and hardening time.
- Determination of unconfined compressive strength to classify the material as CLSM.
Main Results:
- A mixture of 10% AMD sludge, 2.5% Portland cement, and 87.5% Class F FA (dry wt.%) met CLSM classification criteria.
- The developed CLSM exhibited adequate compressive strength (450-8400 kPa).
- The mixture satisfied workability, excavatability, walkability, hardening time, and stability requirements.
Conclusions:
- AMD sludge can be effectively utilized in CLSM production when combined with Class F FA.
- This research demonstrates a sustainable approach to by-product waste management in construction materials.
- The developed CLSM offers a viable, eco-friendly alternative to traditional backfill materials.