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Related Experiment Videos

The immunophenotype of ependymomas.

K D Vege1, C Giannini, B W Scheithauer

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.

Applied Immunohistochemistry & Molecular Morphology : AIMM
|August 11, 2000
PubMed
Summary
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Ependymomas express glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S-100 protein, with widespread keratin AE1/AE3 reactivity mimicking GFAP patterns. Other keratin or CEA positivity suggests a different diagnosis.

Area of Science:

  • Neuropathology
  • Surgical Pathology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Distinguishing ependymomas with epithelial cytology from metastatic carcinoma is challenging.
  • Glioma cells can express keratin, complicating differential diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate epithelial and glial marker expression in various ependymoma subtypes and grades.
  • To differentiate ependymomas from metastatic carcinomas using immunohistochemistry.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 52 ependymomas (varying types and grades) using labeled streptavidin-biotin method with automated staining.
  • Analyzed expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S-100 protein, keratins (AE1/AE3, wide-spectrum, CK7, CAM 5.2, CK903, CK20), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and Collagen IV.

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Main Results:

  • All ependymomas showed GFAP and S-100 protein immunoreactivity.
  • Keratin AE1/AE3 reactivity was present in 98% of cases, mirroring GFAP staining patterns.
  • Expression of other keratins (except AE1/AE3) and CEA was inconsistent with ependymoma diagnosis.
  • EMA staining was observed in 36% of cases, primarily highlighting microlumina in epithelial-appearing tumors.

Conclusions:

  • GFAP and S-100 protein are reliable markers for ependymoma diagnosis.
  • Widespread keratin AE1/AE3 expression is characteristic of ependymomas and follows GFAP patterns.
  • Absence of significant staining for other keratins or CEA supports an ependymoma diagnosis.
  • EMA reactivity is mainly limited to luminal structures.