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Updated: Aug 10, 2026

Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
Published on: June 13, 2016
Special considerations for women with epilepsy
1North Pacific Epilepsy Research, Portland, Oregon 97210, USA.
Abstract:
Women with epilepsy present health care providers with unique problems and opportunities for advancement of care. The fundamentals of epileptic pathophysiology are similar in both sexes. There are, however, some significant differences. Cosmetic effects of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) may have different implications for women. Women who have seizures associated with their menstrual cycle may need special attention regarding their cyclic hormonal changes and AED selection. Antiepileptic drugs may reduce the effectiveness of hormonal contraception. Women with epilepsy have higher rates of infertility and an increased prevalence of reproductive and endocrine disorders. The majority of women with epilepsy have normal, healthy children, but their pregnancies are considered high risk due to an increase in seizure frequency, metabolic alterations of AEDs (which complicate management), and an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. These issues and an approach to optimize the management of women with epilepsy are discussed.
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