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Related Experiment Videos

Gender differences in chronic major and double depression.

S G Kornstein1, A F Schatzberg, M E Thase

  • 1Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0710, USA.

Journal of Affective Disorders
|August 15, 2000
PubMed
Summary

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Chronic depression impacts women more severely than men, indicated by earlier onset, family history, and greater symptom burden. This study highlights significant gender differences in chronic depressive conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Established sex differences in unipolar depression prevalence.
  • Limited research on gender disparities in clinical depression features.
  • Scant data on gender differences in chronic depression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gender differences in clinical features of chronic depression.
  • To compare male and female outpatients with chronic major depression or double depression.

Main Methods:

  • Study included 235 males and 400 females with chronic depression.
  • Utilized a comprehensive battery of clinician-rated and self-report measures.
  • Diagnoses included DSM-III-R chronic major depression and double depression.

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Main Results:

  • Women had earlier onset, more family history of affective disorder, and were less likely to be married.
  • Women reported greater illness severity, more sleep changes, psychomotor retardation, and anxiety/somatization.
  • Women experienced greater marital adjustment impairment, while men showed more work impairment.

Conclusions:

  • Chronicity of depression appears more severe in women, with earlier onset and greater symptom reporting.
  • Findings suggest women experience poorer social adjustment and quality of life with chronic depression.
  • Study limitations include potential effects of clinical trial exclusion criteria on gender differences.