Use of Pyrene Spectroscopic Probes in the Study of Colloidal Systems

The interfacial behavior of polyethylene oxide (PEO) end-labeled with the often-used fluorescent probe pyrene was monitored to asess the effect of use of such hydrophobic probes on system behavior. Mixtures of labeled and unlabeled PEO were adsorbed on silica and the resulting suspension properties noted. The suspension behavior was found to be markedly different, depending on the ratio of labeled-to-unlabeled PEO employed. While it was "safe" to use pyrene probes in amounts of 3% or less for spectroscopic investigation of PEO effects, it was found that ratios equal to, or greater than, 1 : 3 produced anomalous behavior of the silica suspensions. This was manifested in the form of decreased suspension stability, as evidenced by significantly higher settling rates. Similar experiments using free pyrene revealed that these effects could be attributed to the chemical attachment of the pyrene probe to the polyethylene oxide chain. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to simultaneously monitor the behavior of the adsorbed polyethylene oxide molecules. These results were used to explain the observed suspension behavior as a function of the labeled-to-unlabeled polymer mixing ratio. Bridging effects facilitated by hydrophobic interaction between pyrene end groups is proposed as the reason for the observed phenomena. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.