Candida adherence phenomena, from commensalism to pathogenicity

Molecules present in the most external layers of Candida cells are essential for the adherence to host surfaces, playing a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of candidiasis. Receptors for fibrinogen, fibronectin and other components of the extracellular matrix have been described in Candida surfaces. Their expression may be influenced by particular host conditions, and these changes may be important in the transition from commensalism to pathogenicity. Surface proteins are also essential in the interactions of the fungal cell with the various constitutive, inducible defense host mechanisms that act during candidiasis.