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Morphogenesis by symbiogenesis.

M J Chapman1, L Margulis

  • 1Department of Biology, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA. mchapman@clarku.edu

International Microbiology : the Official Journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology
|December 8, 2000
PubMed
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Cyclical symbiont integration drives the evolution of morphogenesis and specialized tissues in plants, fungi, and bacteria. This review highlights how alternating symbiotic stages lead to unique morphological adaptations through direct partner interaction.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Symbiosis Research
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Morphogenesis, the development of specialized cells and tissues, is crucial for organismal complexity.
  • Symbiotic relationships, where different species live together, can profoundly influence evolutionary trajectories.
  • Cyclical interactions between symbionts and hosts are increasingly recognized as drivers of biological innovation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review instances where cyclical symbiont integration has initiated the evolution of morphogenesis.
  • To explore examples across plant, fungal, and bacterial kingdoms illustrating this phenomenon.
  • To correlate independent symbiotic stages with the emergence of distinct morphologies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on symbiotic relationships with cyclical integration.
Keywords:
NASA Discipline ExobiologyNon-NASA Center

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of morphological specializations arising from direct and cyclical partner interactions.
  • Examination of cases where distinct taxa interact during independent symbiotic phases.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified cases where cyclical symbiont integration directly led to the evolution of morphogenesis.
    • Documented unique morphological specializations in plant, fungal, and bacterial partners.
    • Correlated independent, physically unassociated symbiotic stages with the appearance of distinctive morphologies.

    Conclusions:

    • Cyclical symbiont integration is a significant evolutionary force shaping morphogenesis.
    • The alternating nature of symbiosis, involving independent and integrated stages, drives morphological diversification.
    • Direct and strong interactions between different taxa during symbiotic phases are key to these evolutionary developments.