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Effects of dextroamphetamine on cognitive performance and cortical activation
V S Mattay1, J H Callicott, A Bertolino
1Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Diagnostic Radiology Research, Office of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA. vsm@helix.nih.gov
Neuroimage
|August 17, 2000
Summary
Dextroamphetamine affects working memory differently in individuals. It enhances performance in those with lower capacity but impairs those with higher capacity, showing personalized brain responses.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cognitive Science
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Monoaminergic neurotransmitters modulate cognitive functions and cortical neurophysiology.
- Individual differences in cognitive function and neurophysiology are significant.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the physiological correlates of dextroamphetamine's effects on working memory using BOLD fMRI.
- To examine individual variability in dextroamphetamine's impact on working memory performance and brain activity.
Main Methods:
- Utilized BOLD fMRI in healthy controls performing a working memory task with increasing load.
- Analyzed group and individual responses to dextroamphetamine administration.
Main Results:
- Dextroamphetamine increased BOLD signal in the right prefrontal cortex during high working memory load.
- Performance enhancement occurred only in subjects with low baseline working memory capacity; higher capacity subjects showed performance decline.
- Greater signal change correlated with performance deterioration.
Conclusions:
- Monoaminergic tone, working memory capacity, and prefrontal function interact dynamically.
- Dextroamphetamine exhibits heterogeneous behavioral and neurophysiological effects in healthy individuals.
- Genetic variations may explain these individual differences in response to dextroamphetamine.