Reactions of psoralen radical cations with biological substrates

The reactions of several psoralen and coumarin radical cations with biological substrates such as nucleotides, amino acids and alkenes that serve as models for unsaturated fatty acids have been examined. The radical cations were generated by laser photoionization of the parent psoralen or coumarin in aqueous buffer in most cases. Easily oxidized substrates such as tyrosine, tryptophan and guanosine monophosphate react with the 8-methoxypsoralen and several methoxy-substituted coumarin radical cations with rate constants in excess of 2 x 10(9) M-1 s-1. In each case reaction occurs via electron transfer, as demonstrated by the observation of quencher-derived radical cations or radicals by transient absorption spectroscopy. For other substrates such as histidine, methionine and adenosine monophosphate the measured rate constants are significantly slower and vary with the oxidation potential of both the parent psoralen or coumarin and the quencher, again indicative of electron transfer reactivity. Most of the alkenes studied also react with the psoralen or coumarin radical cations via electron transfer, although there is some evidence for addition for linoleic acid. Product studies carried out using both lamp and laser irradiation in the presence of deoxyguanosine as a radical cation trap lead to the formation of characteristic base-derived Type-I (electron transfer) products. This lends support to our previous hypothesis that photoionization occurs via a monophotonic process and is thus relevant to conditions used in clinical phototherapeutic applications of psoralens. The results demonstrate the relevance of electron transfer chemistry to the use of psoralens and related compounds as photoactivated drugs.