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Secular trends in growth.

T J Cole1

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK. Tim.Cole@ich.ucl.ac.uk

The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
|August 18, 2000
PubMed
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Secular trends show increasing adult height and decreasing age of menarche in Europe. Adult height is established by age 2, influenced by infancy growth and early development factors.

Area of Science:

  • Human Growth and Development
  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • European populations have experienced significant secular trends in height since the 19th century, with current increases of 10-30 mm/decade.
  • Concurrently, the age of menarche has decreased substantially but has now stabilized around 13 years, with potential for a slight increase.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the factors contributing to secular trends in human height and menarcheal age.
  • To understand the relationship between early growth patterns, stunting, and final adult height.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of historical data on adult height and menarcheal age trends in European countries.
  • Hypothesizing the role of growth-hormone receptor expression in leg growth plates, influenced by nutrition and prenatal growth rates.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examining birth weight trends in relation to height trends.

    • Main Results:

    • Adult height trends mirror those observed at age 2 years, indicating that final adult height is largely determined by early childhood growth.
    • No significant height trends are observed before the age of 2 years, and birth weight trends differ from height trends.
    • Increased height gain in late infancy is hypothesized to counteract stunting, potentially mediated by growth hormone receptor expression.

    Conclusions:

    • The primary drivers of adult height are established by age 2, with late infancy growth playing a crucial role in preventing stunting.
    • Menarche timing appears influenced by a birth-related growth factor affecting later weight but not height.
    • Further research into the interplay of nutrition, growth factors, and hormonal regulation is warranted to fully understand these secular trends.