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Related Concept Videos

Prokaryotic Cells01:51

Prokaryotic Cells

Prokaryotes are small unicellular organisms that include the domains—Archaea and Bacteria. Bacteria include many common organisms, such as Salmonella and E. coli, while the Archaea include extremophiles that live in harsh environments, such as volcanic springs.Like eukaryotic cells, all prokaryotic cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane, have genetic material in the form of single, circular DNA, a cytoplasm that fills the interior of the cell, and ribosomes that synthesize proteins. However,...
Two-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology01:29

Two-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology

Two-dimensional (2D) microscopy encompasses a range of optical techniques that capture images within a single focal plane, offering detailed representations of microscopic structures. These techniques are essential in biological and medical research, enabling the visualization of cellular and subcellular structures with different levels of contrast and specificity.There are several major types of 2D microscopy, each with strengths and applications.Bright-Field MicroscopyBright-field microscopy...
Bacterial Phylum Bacteroidota01:26

Bacterial Phylum Bacteroidota

The phylum Bacteroidota includes over 700 species classified into four primary orders: Bacteroidales, Cytophagales, Flavobacteriales, and Sphingobacteriales. These gram-negative, non-sporulating rods exhibit saccharolytic capabilities and can be aerobic or fermentative, encompassing obligate aerobes, facultative aerobes, and obligate anaerobes. Many species display gliding motility, though some are nonmotile or use flagella. The genus Bacteroides is well-studied due to its significant role in...
Bacterial Phylum Tenericutes01:24

Bacterial Phylum Tenericutes

The phylum Tenericutes, which includes the single class Mollicutes, comprises bacteria that lack cell walls. The term "Mollicutes" derives from the Latin word mollis, meaning "soft." These organisms are among the smallest known and are commonly referred to as mycoplasmas due to the prominence of the genus Mycoplasma, which includes well-known human pathogens. Despite their inability to stain gram-positively (a result of their lack of cell walls), mycoplasmas are phylogenetically related to the...
Deep Sea Microbial Ecology01:18

Deep Sea Microbial Ecology

The deep ocean and its underlying sediments represent vast, largely unexplored microbial habitats that extend far beyond the sunlit photic zone. The photic (euphotic) zone typically spans the upper ~100–200 meters of pelagic waters in the open ocean, but its depth varies geographically and seasonally, where sufficient light supports photosynthetic life. Below this lies the deep sea, spanning roughly 1000–6000 meters (bathypelagic to abyssal zones), with deeper hadal trenches extending beyond...
Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Caenorhabditis Sieve: A Low-tech Instrument and Methodology for Sorting Small Multicellular Organisms
04:39

Caenorhabditis Sieve: A Low-tech Instrument and Methodology for Sorting Small Multicellular Organisms

Published on: July 4, 2018

Cell biology. Bacterial spelunkers.

M A Mulvey1, S J Hultgren

  • 1Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA. mulvey@borcim.wustl.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 19, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Some bacteria survive inside immune cells by adhering to specific membrane regions. These regions, called caveolae, help bacteria evade destruction after being engulfed by phagocytic cells.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Phagocytic cells engulf and typically destroy invading bacteria.
  • However, certain bacteria can survive and proliferate within host cells.
  • The mechanisms enabling bacterial survival inside phagocytes are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of host cell surface structures in bacterial survival within phagocytes.
  • To explore how specific host cell membrane domains influence intracellular bacterial fate.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of bacterial adherence to host cell surfaces.
  • Investigation of host cell signaling pathways associated with bacterial entry.
  • Microscopy techniques to visualize bacteria-host cell interactions.

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Bacterial Cell Culture at the Single-cell Level Inside Giant Vesicles
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Bacterial Cell Culture at the Single-cell Level Inside Giant Vesicles

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Selective Cleaning of Wild Caenorhabditis Nematodes to Enrich for Intestinal Microbiome Bacteria
09:47

Selective Cleaning of Wild Caenorhabditis Nematodes to Enrich for Intestinal Microbiome Bacteria

Published on: August 13, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Caenorhabditis Sieve: A Low-tech Instrument and Methodology for Sorting Small Multicellular Organisms
04:39

Caenorhabditis Sieve: A Low-tech Instrument and Methodology for Sorting Small Multicellular Organisms

Published on: July 4, 2018

Bacterial Cell Culture at the Single-cell Level Inside Giant Vesicles
07:33

Bacterial Cell Culture at the Single-cell Level Inside Giant Vesicles

Published on: April 30, 2019

Selective Cleaning of Wild Caenorhabditis Nematodes to Enrich for Intestinal Microbiome Bacteria
09:47

Selective Cleaning of Wild Caenorhabditis Nematodes to Enrich for Intestinal Microbiome Bacteria

Published on: August 13, 2021

Main Results:

  • Bacterial adherence to host cell surface regions rich in caveolae correlates with enhanced intracellular survival.
  • Caveolae appear to facilitate the evasion of bacterial destruction within phagocytic cells.
  • Specific signal transduction pathways are modulated by caveolae during bacterial engulfment.

Conclusions:

  • Caveolae on the host cell plasma membrane play a critical role in promoting the survival of engulfed bacteria.
  • Targeting caveolae-mediated pathways could offer new strategies to combat intracellular bacterial infections.