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Related Concept Videos

Gene Therapy00:59

Gene Therapy

Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be inserted. The...
Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
Hepatic Drug Clearance: Role of Transporters01:14

Hepatic Drug Clearance: Role of Transporters

In the liver and bile canaliculi, influx and efflux transporters modification can influence intrinsic clearance. Transporters play a significant role in moving drugs within liver cells. Elaborate models, such as the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), are essential to relate transporters to drug disposition. This system categorizes drugs into four classes based on solubility and permeability, providing insights into elimination routes and the effects of transporters following oral...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters01:16

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters

The pharmacogenetics of drug transporters is increasingly recognized as a critical factor influencing interindividual variability in drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. These membrane-bound proteins regulate drugs' movement across cellular barriers by actively pumping them out (efflux) or facilitating their uptake (influx). Among the major transporter families, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters play particularly prominent roles. Genetic polymorphisms...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...

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[Comparative studies of different carriers and introducing routes on the effects of liver targeted uptake of

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Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi = Zhonghua Ganzangbing Zazhi = Chinese Journal of Hepatology
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Summary

Galactose-terminal glyco-poly-L-lysine (G-PLL) enhances liver gene delivery more effectively than liposomes. Intravenous delivery also shows superior liver uptake and expression compared to intraperitoneal routes.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Gene Delivery Systems
  • Nanomedicine

Background:

  • Liposomes and glyco-poly-L-lysine (G-PLL) are utilized for gene delivery.
  • Understanding their comparative efficacy and route-dependent effects on liver gene expression is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare liposomes and G-PLL for liver target uptake and gene expression.
  • To evaluate the impact of intravenous versus intraperitoneal administration on liver gene delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Plasmid DNA encapsulated in liposomes or G-PLL was administered to rats via intravenous and intraperitoneal injection.
  • In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were used to assess target uptake and gene expression over time.

Main Results:

  • Both liposomes and G-PLL facilitated plasmid expression in the liver for up to three weeks, with G-PLL showing higher liver distribution and expression.
  • Intravenous administration resulted in greater liver uptake and expression compared to intraperitoneal delivery.
  • G-PLL showed lower distribution and expression in non-liver tissues compared to liposomes.

Conclusions:

  • G-PLL demonstrates superior liver targeting and gene expression compared to liposomes.
  • The intravenous route is more effective than the intraperitoneal route for G-PLL-mediated liver gene delivery.