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Related Concept Videos

Coronary Circulation01:21

Coronary Circulation

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The heart, an organ critical to survival, gets nourishment not from the blood it pumps but from a separate circulation system known as coronary circulation. This is the shortest circulation in the body and is responsible for supplying the heart with the nutrients it needs to function effectively.
Coronary circulation begins at the base of the aorta, where two main arteries arise—the left and right coronary arteries. These arteries encircle the heart in the coronary sulcus and supply the...
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Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
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Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in the Piglet
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Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in the Piglet

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[Primary ventricular hemorrhage].

J Martí-Fàbregas1, J L Martí-Vilalta

  • 1Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España. jmartif@meditex.es

Revista De Neurologia
|August 22, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Primary intraventricular hemorrhage, a rare non-traumatic brain bleed, is often diagnosed via CT scan. While prognosis is generally good, arterial hypertension and vascular malformations are key causes.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Radiology

Context:

  • Primary intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) is a rare non-traumatic cerebral hemorrhage confined to the ventricular system, accounting for 3% of spontaneous cerebral hemorrhages.
  • Diagnosis can be challenging due to varied presentations, including sudden headache, nausea, vomiting, and altered consciousness, though subacute onset and normal consciousness are also observed.

Purpose:

  • To review the clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, etiology, and prognosis of primary intraventricular hemorrhage.
  • To highlight the role of neuroimaging (CT, arteriography) in diagnosis and etiological investigation.
  • To discuss treatment options and outcomes, including the impact of patient factors on prognosis.

Summary:

  • Clinical suspicion of PIVH is supported by headache, nausea, vomiting, and meningism, but definitive diagnosis relies on cerebral computerized tomography (CT).

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Author Spotlight: Establishment and Confirmation of a Postnatal Right Ventricular Volume Overload Mouse Model
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  • Etiologies include vascular malformations (34%) and arterial hypertension (38.5%), with a significant percentage (21-47%) remaining idiopathic.
  • Prognosis is relatively favorable with 29% mortality; survivors often experience minor sequelae like memory issues. Elderly patients with altered consciousness or hydrocephalus face a worse outlook.

    • Impact:

    • This review provides a comprehensive overview of PIVH, aiding clinicians in diagnosis and management.
    • Understanding the varied etiologies and prognostic factors can improve patient counseling and treatment strategies.
    • Emerging treatments like intrathecal fibrinolytic agents show promise for improving outcomes in PIVH.