Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development01:14

Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development

2.7K
The sensorimotor stage, the initial phase of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, spans the first two years of a child's life. During this period, infants actively engage with their surroundings, building cognitive awareness through direct interaction with the world. This interaction is primarily based on sensory perception and motor actions, allowing infants to gradually understand basic physical properties and predict how objects interact within their environment.
Exploration...
2.7K
Piaget's Stage 2 of Cognitive Development01:14

Piaget's Stage 2 of Cognitive Development

1.4K
The preoperational stage, the second of Jean Piaget's four stages of cognitive development, spans approximately ages 2 to 7 and is characterized by the emergence of symbolic thinking. During this stage, children use language, images, and symbols to represent objects and concepts, enabling them to engage in imaginative and pretend play. This symbolic thinking supports children's ability to perform make-believe actions, such as imagining a broom as a horse or their hand as a phone, blending...
1.4K
Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development01:17

Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development

1.5K
During Piaget's concrete operational stage, from ages 7 to 11, children exhibit a marked increase in logical thinking skills, specifically in relation to tangible, real-world events. This stage is characterized by the development of several essential cognitive concepts, including conservation, reversibility, and classification, all of which support the child's evolving capacity for structured thought.
Conservation and Constancy of Quantity
A significant cognitive milestone in the...
1.5K
Piaget's Stage 4 of Cognitive Development01:19

Piaget's Stage 4 of Cognitive Development

1.2K
The formal operational stage, as described in Piaget's cognitive development theory, begins around age 11 and extends into adulthood. It marks the emergence of advanced cognitive abilities that differentiate adolescent and adult thinking from those of younger children. This stage is characterized by abstract reasoning, hypothetical-deductive reasoning, and a more complex understanding of self and others.
Abstract Reasoning and Hypothetical-Deductive Thinking
Unlike the concrete operational...
1.2K
Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

1.4K
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
1.4K
Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition01:24

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

470
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
470

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Standardized delivery room management for neonates with a prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease: A model for improving interdisciplinary delivery room care.

Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine·2020
Same author

Role of the partner/spouse in melanoma discovery and related health behaviours and practices.

The British journal of dermatology·2019
Same author

Autonomous Robotic Intracardiac Catheter Navigation Using Haptic Vision.

Science robotics·2019
Same author

Suppression of low-frequency charge noise in superconducting resonators by surface spin desorption.

Nature communications·2018
Same author

Differences in Blood Pressure in Infants After General Anesthesia Compared to Awake Regional Anesthesia (GAS Study-A Prospective Randomized Trial).

Anesthesia and analgesia·2017
Same author

Associations of carboxypeptidase 4 with ALDH1A1 expression and their prognostic value in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus·2017
Same journal

Eugene Braunwald, MD, 1929-2026.

Circulation·2026
Same journal

AHA/ACC/ESC/WHF Expert Consensus Document: Second Universal Definition of Heart Failure (2026).

Circulation·2026
Same journal

Advancing Quality in the Evaluation, Surveillance, and Management of Aortic Stenosis: A Report From the AHA Target: AS Registry.

Circulation·2026
Same journal

Heart Failure Occurring in the Perinatal Period: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

Circulation·2026
Same journal

Correction to: 2026 ACC/AHA/AACVPR/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Dyslipidemia: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines.

Circulation·2026
Same journal

Correction to: The Natural History of Massive Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Pediatric Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Multiregistry Analysis.

Circulation·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients With a Digital Occupational Training System
07:35

Author Spotlight: Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients With a Digital Occupational Training System

Published on: December 29, 2023

2.5K

Cognitive development after the Fontan operation.

G Wernovsky1, K M Stiles, K Gauvreau

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. wernovsky@email.chop.edu

Circulation
|August 23, 2000
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive and academic outcomes for Fontan procedure patients are generally within normal ranges, though the cohort performs below the general population. Risk factors like hypoplastic left heart syndrome impact neurodevelopmental outcomes.

More Related Videos

A Mouse Model for Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Based on Needle-guided Asymmetric Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Stenosis
05:12

A Mouse Model for Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Based on Needle-guided Asymmetric Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Stenosis

Published on: November 22, 2024

1.7K
Wireless Telemetry Device Implantation in a Fontan Ovine Model for Continuous and Long-Term Hemodynamic Monitoring
06:29

Wireless Telemetry Device Implantation in a Fontan Ovine Model for Continuous and Long-Term Hemodynamic Monitoring

Published on: May 2, 2025

872

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients With a Digital Occupational Training System
07:35

Author Spotlight: Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients With a Digital Occupational Training System

Published on: December 29, 2023

2.5K
A Mouse Model for Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Based on Needle-guided Asymmetric Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Stenosis
05:12

A Mouse Model for Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Based on Needle-guided Asymmetric Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Stenosis

Published on: November 22, 2024

1.7K
Wireless Telemetry Device Implantation in a Fontan Ovine Model for Continuous and Long-Term Hemodynamic Monitoring
06:29

Wireless Telemetry Device Implantation in a Fontan Ovine Model for Continuous and Long-Term Hemodynamic Monitoring

Published on: May 2, 2025

872

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics
  • Congenital Heart Disease Research

Background:

  • Patients with single ventricle physiology face heightened risks of central nervous system (CNS) injury.
  • These risks are present both pre-operatively and post-Fontan procedure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the long-term cognitive and academic functioning of individuals who underwent the Fontan procedure.
  • To identify risk factors associated with neurodevelopmental deficits in this patient population.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study involving standardized intelligence quotient (IQ) and achievement testing.
  • Chart review and patient questionnaires were used to gather historical clinical data.
  • Statistical analysis was performed to identify factors associated with cognitive and academic performance.

Main Results:

  • The cohort's mean full-scale IQ (95.7) and composite achievement score (91.6) were lower than the general population.
  • Lower IQ was associated with circulatory arrest before the Fontan, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, and pulmonary artery banding.
  • Low achievement scores were linked to hypoplastic left heart syndrome, complex diagnoses, prior circulatory arrest, and early reoperation with cardiopulmonary bypass.

Conclusions:

  • While many individuals palliated with the Fontan procedure exhibit normal cognitive and academic function, the cohort's overall performance is diminished compared to the general population.
  • Specific pre-existing conditions and peri-operative factors significantly influence neurodevelopmental outcomes in single ventricle patients.