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[Hematologic characteristics of leishmaniasis].

A Belić1, D Pejin, N Stefanović

  • 1Institut za interne bolesti, Klinika za hematologiju, Novi Sad. baranka@eunet.yu

Medicinski Pregled
|August 23, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Leishmaniasis, a rare parasitic disease, was diagnosed in a 19-year-old female presenting with prolonged fever and pancytopenia. Hematological findings, confirmed by serology, led to prompt diagnosis and successful treatment with antimony.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Leishmaniasis is a chronic anthropozoonotic disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania.
  • It presents in various forms (visceral, cutaneous, mucocutaneous) with symptoms including fever, splenomegaly, and pancytopenia.
  • Diagnosis relies on parasitological and serological tests, with treatment options including antimony compounds and amphotericin B.

Observation:

  • A 19-year-old female presented with a 3-month history of unexplained fever, pancytopenia, and splenomegaly.
  • Initial symptoms included gastrointestinal issues, fatigue, and significant weight loss.
  • Physical examination revealed fever, tachycardia, pallor, and an enlarged spleen.

Findings:

  • Bone marrow examination revealed Leishmania protozoa within macrophages, leading to a diagnosis of leishmaniasis.

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  • Serological tests confirmed the diagnosis with an antibody titre > 1:32.
  • Hematological findings included anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia with neutropenia, lymphocytosis, and monocytosis.

    • Implications:

    • This case highlights the importance of considering leishmaniasis in patients with unexplained febrile illness and hematological abnormalities, even in non-endemic regions.
    • Prompt diagnosis based on characteristic hematological findings and confirmatory tests is crucial for effective treatment.
    • Successful treatment with 5-valent antimony resulted in rapid clinical improvement, resolution of fever, and normalization of hematological parameters.