RP1 properties and fertility inhibition among P, N, W, and X incompatibility group plasmids

Incompatibility group P plasmids demonstrate strong entry exclusion properties. Stringent incompatibility is also observed in the absence of entry exclusion. These observations have been facilitated by the study of a nontransmissible plasmid, RP1-S2, derived from RP1 by transductional shortening. RP1-S2 retains carbenicillin and tetracycline resistances as well as loci that cause either the loss of P plasmids (incp) or a locus specifying susceptibility to curing (sinp) in the presence of a P plasmid. RP1-S2 can be mobilized by an incompatibility group W plasmid, R388, and also freely forms recombinants with R388. P, N, and W incompatibility group plasmids all encode information for the receptor of the cell wall-adsorbing phage PRD1. Based on the premise that the location of this receptor is analogous to entry exclusion factors for F-like plasmids and hence a regulated transfer region determinant, we tested fertility inhibition relationships among these plasmid groups. We detected both reciprocal and nonreciprocal fertility inhibition relationships for bacteria containing various combinations of W, N, and P group plasmids. The nonreciprocal nature of some combinations, we believe, reflects the identity of the point mutation reading to derepression of the plasmid in question. Reciprocal fertility inhibition, on the other hand, may reflect the reconstruction of a fertility inhibition system through complementation. An X incompatibility group plasmid, known to affect the fertility of an N group plasmid, was also shown to inhibit P plasmid fertility. These observations may indicate a possible evolutionary relationship(s) of plasmids unrelated by the criteria of incompatibility, pilus phage specificity, or plasmid host range.