About a double-body immersion horn system to be used for quantitative sonochemical studies

The majority of quantitative sonochemical studies in the 20-100-kHz frequency range are performed by using an immersion horn system. The new system described in this letter consists of a double immersion horn acted on by a single pair of piezoelectric ceramics. This instrument is well adapted to the quantitative measure of effects, i.e., variations in the rate constant of a specific reaction associated to the change of an experimental parameter. The gas effect, obtained by comparing the rate of a reaction under air and under argon, illustrates the efficiency of the system.