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Galileo magnetometer measurements: a stronger case for a subsurface ocean at Europa
M G Kivelson1, K K Khurana, C T Russell
1Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567, USA. mkivelson@igpp.ucla.edu
Abstract:
On 3 January 2000, the Galileo spacecraft passed close to Europa when it was located far south of Jupiter's magnetic equator in a region where the radial component of the magnetospheric magnetic field points inward toward Jupiter. This pass with a previously unexamined orientation of the external forcing field distinguished between an induced and a permanent magnetic dipole moment model of Europa's internal field. The Galileo magnetometer measured changes in the magnetic field predicted if a current-carrying outer shell, such as a planet-scale liquid ocean, is present beneath the icy surface. The evidence that Europa's field varies temporally strengthens the argument that a liquid ocean exists beneath the present-day surface.
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