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Cardiovascular risk in diabetes: a brief review
1Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Miami School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA. jmarks@miami.edu
Insights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major health risk for people with diabetes, with higher incidence than in the general population. Addressing modifiable risk factors like hyperglycemia and hypertension is crucial for prevention.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Cardiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and illness in diabetic individuals in the US.
- Diabetics have a 2-3 times higher incidence of CVD compared to non-diabetics.
- CVD mortality decline in the general population is not seen in diabetics, especially women.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review modifiable risk factors for CVD in patients with diabetes mellitus.
- To identify potential targets for primary and secondary CVD prevention in diabetic populations.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on epidemiological data and clinical studies.
- Analysis of risk factors including duration of diabetes, hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, gender, and coagulation.
- Examination of current prevention strategies.
Main Results:
- Diabetes significantly increases CVD risk, influenced by duration and hyperglycemia.
- Hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, gender, and coagulation issues further elevate CVD risk.
- Current trends show no decline in CVD mortality for the diabetic population.
Conclusions:
- Healthcare providers must aggressively manage all modifiable CVD risk factors in diabetic patients.
- Comprehensive management including glucose control is essential for reducing CVD morbidity and mortality.
- Further research and targeted interventions are needed for effective CVD prevention in diabetes.
Abstract:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of the morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes in the US. A 2- to 3-fold incidence of CVD occurs in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic individuals over that in age- and gender-matched non-diabetic persons. Recent encouraging data demonstrating a decline in CVD mortality in the general US population do not reflect such a decline in the diabetic population, particularly in women. Increased risk for CVD is related to duration of diabetes and hyperglycemia, as well as hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, gender, coagulation abnormalities, and other factors. Health care providers need to advocate for an uncompromising, multi-component attack on all modifiable risk factors for CVD, including glucose control, in the person with diabetes mellitus. This review focuses on known modifiable risk factors for CVD associated with diabetes, potential targets for primary and secondary prevention.