[Thromboembolism in orthopedic trauma]

Area of Science:

• Trauma and Vascular Medicine
• Hematology and Coagulation Disorders

Context:

• Traumatic injuries, particularly pelvic fractures and spinal cord injuries, significantly elevate the risk of thromboembolic events.
• Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) incidence ranges from 35-60% in pelvic/spinal trauma and 58% in lower extremity trauma.
• Pelvic vein thrombi are a major source of potentially fatal pulmonary embolism (PE), with silent PEs also common.

Purpose:

• To highlight the high incidence of DVT and PE in trauma patients.
• To underscore the preventable nature of these thromboembolic complications.
• To outline available prophylactic strategies.

Summary:

• Trauma patients exhibit a high prevalence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), with significant rates in pelvic fractures (35-60%) and lower extremity injuries (58%).
• Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a frequent complication, occurring in 2-10% of symptomatic cases, with a notable proportion being asymptomatic.
• Thromboembolic complications represent a leading cause of death and disability in trauma populations, necessitating effective prevention.

Impact:

• Emphasizes the critical need for early and consistent DVT prophylaxis in trauma care.
• Informs clinical practice regarding risk stratification and preventative interventions for thromboembolism.
• Highlights the potential for reducing mortality and morbidity through cost-effective prophylactic measures.