Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 13, 2026

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane
Published on: August 22, 2025
Three-dimensional organization of vestibular related eye movements to rotational motion in pigeons
J D Dickman1, M Beyer, B J Hess
1Department of Research, Central Institute for the Deaf, 818 South Euclid Avenue, 63110, St. Louis, MO, USA. ddickman@cid.wustl.edu
Abstract:
During rotational motions, compensatory eye movement adjustments must continually occur in order to maintain objects of visual interest as stable images on the retina. In the present study, the three-dimensional organization of the vestibulo-ocular reflex in pigeons was quantitatively examined. Rotations about different head axes produced horizontal, vertical, and torsional eye movements, whose component magnitude was dependent upon the cosine of the stimulus axis relative to the animal's visual axis. Thus, the three-dimensional organization of the VOR in pigeons appears to be compensatory for any direction of head rotation. Frequency responses of the horizontal, vertical, and torsional slow phase components exhibited high pass filter properties with dominant time constants of approximately 3 s.
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