The phases of small networks of chemical reactors and neurons

We present an experimental study of the phase relationships observed in small reactor networks consisting of two and three continuous flow stirred tank reactors. In the three-reactor network one chemical oscillator is coupled to two other reactors in parallel in analogy to a small neural net. Each reactor contains an identical reaction mixture of the excitable Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction which is characterized by its bifurcation diagram, where the electrical current is the bifurcation parameter. Coupling between the reactors is electrical via Pt-working electrodes and it can be either repulsive (inhibitory) or attractive (excitatory). An external electrical stimulus is applied to all three reactors in the form of an asymmetric electrical current pulse which sweeps across the bifurcation diagram. As a consequence, all three reactors oscillate with characteristic oscillation patterns or remain silent in analogy to the firing of neurons. The observed phase behavior depends on the type of coupling in a complex way. This situation is analogous to the in vivo measurements on single neurons (local neurons and projection neurons) performed by G. Laurent and co-workers on the olfactory system of the locust. We propose a simple neural network similar to the reactor network using the Hodgkin-Huxley model to simulate the action potentials of the coupled single neurons. Analogies between the reactor network and the neural network are discussed.