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Updated: Oct 13, 2026

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
Published on: February 9, 2021
Endourologic treatment of nephrocalcinosis
1Department of Urology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Abstract:
Calcifications of the kidney may be located free within the collecting system, attached to a papilla, trapped beneath the urothelium, or sequestered in the renal parenchyma. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy has failed to render patients who presented with nephrocalcinosis stone free because of the submucosal location of some of the calculi. We report a unique case of symptomatic nephrocalcinosis in which the patient was rendered stone free using flexible ureteroscopy and intrarenal laser and electrohydraulic lithotripsy to treat both the attached and submucosal papillary calculi.
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