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Mast cell granule composition and tissue location--a close correlation.

W J Beil1, M Schulz, U Wefelmeyer

  • 1Department of Pathology, Vienna University, Austria.

Histology and Histopathology
|August 30, 2000
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Mast cell heterogeneity differs between humans and rodents, particularly regarding heparin, chymase, and tryptase. Understanding these differences, including receptor expression and phenotypical changes in disease, is key to mast cell research.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Mast cells exhibit heterogeneity, with distinct characteristics observed in humans and rodents.
  • Previous studies defined mast cell subsets in rats based on fixation and dye-binding properties, with similar observations in humans and pigs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To survey mast cell heterogeneity, focusing on interspecies differences and areas of conflicting evidence.
  • To explore the molecular and ultrastructural distinctions between human and rodent mast cell subsets.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of mast cell properties across species, including dye-binding, granule content (heparin, chymase, tryptase), and receptor expression (C5aR, CCR3).
  • Review of ultrastructural studies to differentiate mast cell subsets and activation states.
  • Examination of phenotypical changes in mast cells associated with disease processes.

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Main Results:

  • Rodent mast cell subsets differ in heparin content and chymase isoforms, unlike humans who have a single chymase.
  • Tryptases are common in human mast cells but localized to connective tissues in rodents.
  • Human mast cell subsets can be defined by receptor expression (C5aR, CCR3) and chymase presence, with phenotypical changes observed in disease states.

Conclusions:

  • Interspecies variations in mast cell granule composition and receptor expression contribute to heterogeneity.
  • Phenotypical plasticity of mast cells in response to disease explains some inconsistencies in research findings.
  • Further understanding of mast cell heterogeneity is crucial for elucidating their physiological roles.