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Related Concept Videos

Structure of Lipids03:38

Structure of Lipids

Lipids include a diverse group of compounds that are largely nonpolar in nature. This is because they are hydrocarbons that include mostly nonpolar carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds. Non-polar molecules are hydrophobic (“water fearing”), or insoluble in water. Lipids perform many different functions in a cell. Cells store energy for long-term use in the form of fats. Lipids also provide insulation from the environment for plants and animals. For example, they help keep aquatic birds and...
Structure of Lipids03:38

Structure of Lipids

Lipids include a diverse group of compounds that are largely nonpolar in nature. This is because they are hydrocarbons that include mostly nonpolar carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds. Non-polar molecules are hydrophobic (“water fearing”), or insoluble in water. Lipids perform many different functions in a cell. Cells store energy for long-term use in the form of fats. Lipids also provide insulation from the environment for plants and animals. For example, they help keep aquatic birds and...
Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Oxidation and Reduction00:59

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Oxidation and Reduction

The benzylic position describes the position of a carbon atom attached directly to a benzene ring. Benzene by itself does not undergo oxidation. In contrast, the benzylic carbon is quite reactive in the presence of strong oxidizing agents such as KMnO4 or H2CrO4. Therefore, alkylbenzenes are readily oxidized to benzoic acid, irrespective of the type of alkyl groups.
Structure of Lipids03:38

Structure of Lipids

Lipids include a diverse group of compounds that are largely nonpolar in nature. This is because they are hydrocarbons that include mostly nonpolar carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds. Non-polar molecules are hydrophobic (“water fearing”), or insoluble in water. Lipids perform many different functions in a cell. Cells store energy for long-term use in the form of fats. Lipids also provide insulation from the environment for plants and animals. For example, they help keep aquatic birds and...
Biosynthesis of Lipids01:29

Biosynthesis of Lipids

Microbial membranes exhibit remarkable diversity in lipid composition, reflecting evolutionary adaptations to various environmental conditions. The three domains of life—Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya—synthesize membrane lipids through distinct biosynthetic pathways, leading to fundamental structural differences that impact membrane stability, function, and adaptability.Fatty Acid-Based Lipids in Bacteria and EukaryaBacteria and eukaryotes share a common fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, which...
Formation of Lipopolysaccharides01:19

Formation of Lipopolysaccharides

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are crucial components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, serving both structural and functional roles. It contributes to membrane stability and protects bacteria from host immune responses. LPS is composed of three major regions—lipid A, a core oligosaccharide, and an O antigen. The biosynthesis and assembly of LPS involve a highly coordinated set of enzymatic reactions and transport mechanisms. Additionally, LPS is recognized as an endotoxin, triggering...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Cellular Lipid Extraction for Targeted Stable Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis
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Cellular Lipid Extraction for Targeted Stable Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: November 17, 2011

Structural basis for the positional specificity of lipoxygenases.

H Kuhn1

  • 1Institute of Biochemistry, University Clinics Charite, Humboldt University, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10 115., Berlin, F.R, Germany. hartmut.kuehn@charite.de

Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators
|August 30, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Understanding lipoxygenase specificity is key. This review explores how arachidonic acid binds to lipoxygenases, suggesting different models for enzyme-substrate interactions, particularly for 5-lipoxygenation.

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Cellular Lipid Extraction for Targeted Stable Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Enzymology

Background:

  • Mammalian lipoxygenases are classified by their positional specificity in arachidonic acid oxygenation.
  • The structural basis for this specificity remains poorly understood.
  • Direct structural data on lipoxygenase-substrate interactions are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review experimental data on the mechanistic reasons for lipoxygenase specificity.
  • To explore models of enzyme-substrate interaction for arachidonic acid oxygenation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of experiments with modified fatty acid substrates.
  • Review of mutagenesis studies on lipoxygenases.
  • Evaluation of existing models for enzyme-substrate interaction.

Main Results:

  • For 12- and 15-lipoxygenases, arachidonic acid likely enters the substrate-binding pocket methyl-end first.
  • Two models, orientation-determined and space-determined, exist for 5-lipoxygenation.
  • Evidence suggests both models may apply to arachidonate 5-lipoxygenation depending on circumstances.

Conclusions:

  • Lipoxygenase specificity is complex and influenced by substrate binding.
  • Multiple mechanisms may govern arachidonic acid oxygenation by 5-lipoxygenases.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate lipoxygenase-substrate interactions.