Experiencing liver transplantation: a phenomenological approach

Area of Science:

• Transplantation Science
• Patient Experience Research
• Health Psychology

Background:

• Understanding the lived experience of liver transplant recipients is vital for developing effective healthcare interventions.
• Nurses and healthcare professionals require insight into the meaning patients ascribe to life post-liver transplantation to provide appropriate support.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the subjective experiences and meaning of having a liver transplant one year after the procedure.
• To explore the challenges and transformations faced by individuals living with a transplanted liver.

Main Methods:

• A qualitative phenomenological approach was employed.
• Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 liver transplant recipients (9 women, 3 men).
• Data analysis utilized a modified phenomenological method by Karlsson, identifying seven emergent categories.

Main Results:

• Patients navigated a paradoxical existence, balancing survival with the struggle for physical recovery amidst emotional distress.
• Key themes included: facing mortality, body image changes, emotional turmoil, shifting patient-expert dynamics, reliance on social support, fear of graft rejection, and honoring the donor.
• Social support and shared experiences were critical for managing identity crises and fostering a sense of survivorship.

Conclusions:

• Liver transplant recipients face significant physical, emotional, and social challenges requiring ongoing support.
• Interventions focusing on patient education, social integration, and mental well-being are essential for optimizing self-care and identity perception up to 12 months post-transplant.
• Healthcare professionals should facilitate patient empowerment and provide tailored support to enhance long-term adaptation and health outcomes.