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Low-protein diet changes thyroid function in lactating rats.

C F Ramos¹, C V Teixeira, M C Passos

¹Departamento de Ciências, Faculdade de Formação de Professores de São Gonçalo, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.)

|August 30, 2000

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Protein restriction in lactating rats altered thyroid function, increasing milk iodine transfer. This adaptive thyroid change may protect pups from neonatal hypothyroidism.

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Nutritional Science
Reproductive Biology

Background:

Lactation requires significant nutritional support, particularly protein.
Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in maternal and neonatal metabolism.
Protein malnutrition can impact various physiological processes, including endocrine function.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of protein restriction during lactation on thyroid hormone levels and iodine metabolism in rats.
To determine if protein malnutrition induces adaptive changes in maternal thyroid function to support offspring.

Main Methods:

Lactating rats were assigned to a protein-restricted (8%) diet or a control (23%) diet.
A pair-fed group received a control diet in amounts matched to the protein-restricted group.

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Measurements included body weight, serum albumin, serum thyroid hormones (FT3, FT4), and radioiodine uptake in the thyroid, mammary gland, and milk.

Main Results:

Protein-restricted and pair-fed dams showed reduced body weight and serum albumin.
Protein-restricted dams exhibited increased serum free triiodothyronine (FT3) and enhanced mammary gland/milk radioiodine uptake.
Conversely, free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid radioiodine uptake were decreased in protein-restricted dams.

Conclusions:

Protein restriction during lactation induces adaptive changes in maternal thyroid function.
These adaptations may facilitate increased iodine and triiodothyronine transfer to pups via milk.
This mechanism could be protective against potential sequelae of neonatal hypothyroidism.