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Related Experiment Videos

Coupling of open reading frames by translational bypassing.

A J Herr1, J F Atkins, R F Gesteland

  • 1Department of Human Genetics, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5330, USA. aherr@genetics.utah.edu

Annual Review of Biochemistry
|August 31, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Translational bypassing merges two open reading frames into one polypeptide. This process involves peptidyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) and three ribosome stages: take-off, scanning, and landing.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Translational bypassing is a mechanism that synthesizes a single polypeptide from two distinct open reading frames.
  • This process relies on the decoding capabilities of peptidyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) within the ribosome.
  • While few genes are known to utilize this strategy, ribosomes possess an inherent ability for bypassing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanism of translational bypassing.
  • To detail the three stages of bypassing: take-off, scanning, and landing.
  • To examine T4 gene 60 as a model for translational bypassing.

Main Methods:

  • The review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of translational bypassing.
  • Analysis of the three stages: dissociation of the peptidyl-tRNA/messenger RNA (mRNA) complex, mRNA movement, and peptidyl-tRNA re-pairing.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Case study of T4 gene 60 to illustrate the bypassing phenomenon.

    • Main Results:

    • Translational bypassing involves the ribosome's ability to shift messenger RNA (mRNA) during translation.
    • The take-off, scanning, and landing stages describe the dynamic interaction between peptidyl-tRNA and mRNA.
    • T4 gene 60 exemplifies how specific signals can facilitate bypassing of mRNA sequences.

    Conclusions:

    • Translational bypassing is a ribosome-mediated process essential for creating single polypeptides from multiple open reading frames.
    • The take-off, scanning, and landing model provides a framework for understanding this complex molecular event.
    • The prevalence of translational bypassing may be underestimated, suggesting broader implications in gene expression.