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Polysaccharide coated liposomes for oral immunization--development and characterization.

N Venkatesan1, S P Vyas

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, (M.P.) 470 003, Sagar, India.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|September 1, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Chemically modified polysaccharide-coated liposomes show promise for oral immunization. These liposomes effectively enhanced immune responses, suggesting their potential as adjuvants for oral vaccines.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Immunology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Oral immunization offers a needle-free alternative to traditional vaccination methods.
  • Liposomes are versatile nanocarriers for drug and antigen delivery.
  • Polysaccharides can enhance the stability and immunogenicity of liposomal formulations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize polysaccharide-coated liposomes for oral immunization.
  • To evaluate the immunoadjuvant potential of these novel liposomes using Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a model antigen.
  • To compare the efficacy of polysaccharide-coated liposomes with conventional alum-adsorbed antigens.

Main Methods:

  • Liposomes were prepared using the reverse phase evaporation method.
  • Pullulan was chemically modified to O-palmitoylpullulan (OPP) for liposome coating.

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  • Characterization included size, shape, surface charge, encapsulation efficiency, and stability in simulated gastric fluid.
  • Immunogenicity was assessed by measuring serum IgA and IgG levels post-oral administration.

    • Main Results:

    • O-palmitoylpullulan (OPP) synthesis and characterization confirmed successful modification.
    • Polysaccharide-coated liposomes exhibited favorable physicochemical properties and stability.
    • BSA-loaded liposomes coated with OPP or plain polysaccharide demonstrated enhanced IgG and IgA levels compared to alum-adsorbed BSA.
    • Plain liposomes also showed significantly higher immune responses than BSA-alum formulations.

    Conclusions:

    • Chemically modified polysaccharide-coated liposomes serve as effective adjuvants for oral immunization.
    • These liposomes represent a promising strategy for developing advanced oral vaccines.
    • The study highlights the potential of tailored polysaccharide modifications for optimizing vaccine delivery systems.