Prolactin in autoimmunity and antitumor defence

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Endocrinology

Background:

• Prolactin (PRL) demonstrates Th1-type cytokine-like properties, enhancing inflammatory and antitumor responses in vitro.
• Bromocriptine-induced inhibition of PRL release downregulates immune reactions and ameliorates Th1-predominant autoimmune diseases.
• Local PRL production is implicated in Th1 diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the dual role of prolactin in immune responses.
• To investigate the paradoxical effects of hyperprolactinemia in Th1-mediated diseases.
• To assess the therapeutic potential of prolactin in immunocompromised conditions.

Main Methods:

• Review of experimental models and clinical observations.
• Analysis of prolactin's effects on Th1 and Th2 immune responses.
• Examination of hormonal interactions influencing prolactin's immunomodulatory functions.

Main Results:

• PRL enhances inflammatory and antitumor immunity, consistent with Th1-type effects.
• Inhibition of PRL is linked to amelioration of Th1-driven autoimmune conditions.
• Hyperprolactinemia during pregnancy is associated with Th2-dominated environments and remission of Th1 diseases, suggesting hormonal modulation.

Conclusions:

• Prolactin exhibits complex immunomodulatory effects, acting as an immune enhancer with potential therapeutic benefits for cancer and immunocompromised patients.
• Hormonal milieu significantly influences prolactin's impact on immune responses, potentially overriding its pro-inflammatory effects.
• Further research into prolactin's therapeutic applications in immune modulation is warranted.